World Day of Social Justice: Gendered Ageism and Women
Maqsooda Solangi
Pakistan is undergoing a significant demographic transition as it prepares to accommodate a growing elderly population. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the percentage of older adults is expected to rise sharply in the coming years. This shift requires urgent attention to the complete implications of laws concerning senior citizens, particularly for older women who are often marginalized in both policy and practice.
As we observe World Day of Social Justice, it’s important to reflect on the changing demographic landscape of Pakistan. Currently, Pakistan is the world’s fifth youngest nation, boasting a vibrant youth population. However, projections indicate that in the coming decades, this youthful demographic will transition into one of the oldest populations globally. This impending shift presents several challenges, especially for older women, who frequently face unique social, health, psychological, economic, and cultural barriers, compounded by gender discrimination and patriarchal behaviors in society.
Menopause is a significant stage in the aging process for women, typically occurring between the ages of 45 to 55. This transition presents considerable challenges and often leads to various psychological effects. According to medical professionals, hormonal shifts during this time result in complex changes in women’s lives and behavior, which can include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating (often referred to as “brain fog”), forgetfulness, and feelings of losing control. These symptoms primarily arise from fluctuating hormone levels during perimenopause and menopause, significantly affecting brain function and emotional well-being.
In some societies, such as Pakistan, only 38.8 percent of women participate in the labor force. Many women work tirelessly, often more than 24 hours a day, but their contributions are not recognized in economic indicators. During menopause, these women are frequently viewed as ideal candidates for shouldering family responsibilities, such as caring for grandchildren and supporting their spouses. This societal expectation can add to the pressure they already face during this transitional period.
Due to the lack of financial independence, this situation, combined with social isolation and depression, creates a challenging environment for them. They are often overlooked by family members and left behind in life, resulting in feelings of idleness and neglect.
Although all provinces of Pakistan including ICT have senior citizen acts, a gender analysis reveals that policymakers often overlook the specific issues facing older women. This oversight occurs alongside ongoing economic challenges that further marginalize women in society. Unfortunately, the implementation of these laws is also inadequate. The lack of finalized rules and regulations hinders their effective execution, leaving many older individuals without the necessary protection and support. This gap in the legal framework is particularly harmful to older women, who frequently depend on social security and community support systems that are not yet well established.
Older women in Pakistan face significant social barriers that hinder their access to resources and opportunities. Traditional gender roles often define women as primary caregivers, which limits their independence and their ability to utilize social services. This is particularly evident when it comes to decision-making regarding their own lives, such as in the case of widows or divorcees considering a second marriage, as their children often assume control over these decisions. Additionally, societal attitudes toward aging can lead to discrimination and neglect, isolating older women from their communities.
The stigma associated with aging often results in a lack of respect for older individuals, diminishing their sense of self-worth. Older women are particularly disadvantaged economically, having spent much of their lives in unpaid domestic work, leading to limited financial independence. As they age, their economic vulnerability increases due to restricted access to pensions and retirement benefits. This lack of financial security can heighten dependence on family, who may not always be reliable. Additionally, age discrimination can create barriers to job opportunities, further limiting their economic empowerment.
Although we lack data on older women and their connection to gender-based violence, financial agency, and population demographics, it is clear that they face a complex set of expectations and norms in Pakistan. In many communities, cultural practices tend to prioritize the needs of younger generations, which can marginalize older individuals and leave them feeling invisible and undervalued. Furthermore, traditional customs may limit their mobility and restrict their participation in community activities, isolating them from social interactions that are crucial for enhancing their quality of life.
Addressing the challenges faced by older women in Pakistan requires a comprehensive approach. First and foremost, it is essential to finalize and implement senior citizens’ acts across all provinces to ensure that older individuals receive the protection and support they deserve. This includes establishing social security systems that provide financial assistance to older women, enabling them to achieve greater economic independence. Raising awareness about the rights of older individuals and combating ageism are essential steps toward creating a more inclusive society. Programs that promote intergenerational engagement can help bridge the gap between younger and older populations, fostering mutual respect and understanding.
On this World Day of Social Justice, we must shine a light on the profound challenges faced by older women in Pakistan. These courageous women, often marginalized, embody resilience and strength, yet they struggle against systemic inequalities that hinder their access to essential resources, healthcare, and empowerment opportunities. By standing together and amplifying their voices, we can forge a path toward a more just society, where every older woman is celebrated, respected, and given the support she deserves. Let us be the change and advocate for their rights, igniting hope and transformation for generations to come.
Writer Maqsood Solangi is affiliated with the Aurat Foundation and chairs the advocacy network known as the ‘Older People’s Rights Network (OPRN).
